Understanding Alzheimer’s disease: Causes, symptoms and treatment
Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative brain disorder that mainly affects older people. It can cause problems with memory, language and behaviour, and can eventually lead to a loss of autonomy. In this comprehensive guide, you will learn about the causes, symptoms and treatments available for this disease.
WHAT IS ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE?
Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative brain disorder that mainly affects older people. It is characterised by progressive memory loss, language difficulties, difficulty carrying out simple tasks and loss of autonomy.
The exact causes of Alzheimer’s disease are not yet known, but genetic and environmental factors may play a role. There is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, but there are treatments that can help slow its progression and improve patients’ quality of life.
Degenerative diseases are characterised by a gradual decline in the ability to function. This decline is due to the slow deterioration of the body’s major organs or systems.
Definition of degenerative diseases:
The most common types of degenerative disease are cardiovascular disease, dementia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Parkinson’s disease, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are other examples.
Degenerative diseases tend to be progressive. This means that they get worse over time and eventually become life-threatening if left untreated.
THE CAUSES OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
The exact causes of Alzheimer’s disease are not yet known, but research has identified genetic and environmental factors that may play a role in its development. People with a family history of Alzheimer’s have a higher risk of developing the disease. Environmental factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and unhealthy diet can also increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers continue to work to better understand the causes of the disease and to develop more effective treatments.
SYMPTOMS OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Alzheimer’s symptoms can vary from person to person, but they tend to develop slowly and get worse over time. Early signs may include memory problems, difficulty carrying out daily tasks, changes in mood and behaviour, and problems with speech and communication. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include increasing memory loss, confusion, disorientation, difficulty speaking and understanding, and changes in personality and behaviour. It is important to see a doctor if you or a loved one has symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
WHAT TREATMENTS ARE AVAILABLE FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE?
Although there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, treatments are available to help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.
Medications can be prescribed to improve memory and cognitive function, and to treat behavioural and psychological symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Non-drug therapies, such as occupational therapy and behavioural therapy, can also help people manage their symptoms and maintain their quality of life. It is important to work closely with a doctor to determine the best treatment plan for each patient.
HOW TO CARE FOR SOMEONE WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE?
Caring for someone with Alzheimer’s disease can be difficult and exhausting, but there are strategies that can help make the process more manageable. It is important to create a safe and structured environment for the person with the disease, using visual reminders such as calendars and schedules to help maintain routine. Stimulating activities, such as music and art, can also help to improve the mood and quality of life of the person with the disease. It is also important to take care of yourself as a carer by seeking support from friends, family or support groups to avoid burnout.
PREVENTION ACTIONS
Preventive measures against Alzheimer’s disease fall into three categories:
1- Maintain a healthy lifestyle: In order to prevent the development of Alzheimer’s disease, some good habits can be adopted on a daily basis:
– A healthy, balanced diet that contains the nutrients needed for the brain to function properly reduces the risk of developing dementia.
– Physical activity, the fight against a sedentary lifestyle.
– Intellectually stimulating activities are likely to increase cognitive reserve.
2- Prevention of Alzheimer’s disease by reducing vascular risk factors:
– Do not smoke, avoid alcohol;
– Recognising and, if necessary, treating high blood pressure or diabetes.
3- Recommendations for the use of medicines:
The prevention of Alzheimer’s disease also requires greater vigilance in the use of medicines:
– Avoid/limit the use of memory enhancing drugs (psychotropic drugs, including benzodiazepines).
– Avoidance/limitation of anticholinergic drugs, which are classically inappropriate in older people.
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN OUR NEUROLOGY DEPARTMENT
Our neurology department offers a wide range of services to help you manage Alzheimer’s disease and other memory disorders.
Our team includes neurologists, psychiatrists, social workers and specially trained nurses who are experts in managing people with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia-related problems.
Our aim is to help your closed persons maintain as much independence as possible while providing the highest quality of care.
